GABAA受体在酒精依赖中作用的研究进展

酒精依赖的产生机制是由特定的GABAA受体亚单位介导的,并且能够影响其它GABAA受体亚单位,使其对一定剂量的酒精敏感.此外酒精还可以通过细胞内信号转导途径影响GABA在大脑不同区域及核团单元的表达.焦虑、抗惊厥、镇静催眠、认知功能障碍等由酒精依赖产生的现象或者机制,均与GABA受体的介导有关.这些机制包括酒精对GABAA受体的直接或间接的作用,以及GABA的合成和释放.因此对GABAA受体功能的研究,将有助于人们关注酒精依赖现象及其治疗手段,为寻找酒精依赖治疗药物和治疗酒精中毒的机制的提供新线索.     

双联抗血小板治疗急性冠脉综合征临床疗效观察

目的:探讨双联抗血小板治疗急性冠脉综合征(ACS)的临床疗效和安全性。方法:60例ACS患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。对照组给予阿司匹林单抗血小板治疗,治疗组采用阿司匹林+氯吡格雷双联抗血小板治疗,治疗3个月后评价临床疗效。结果:治疗组临床疗效总有效率为93.3%,显著高于对照组(76.7%),相比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);治疗后,两组LVEF、CO、E/A显著上升,与治疗前比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05);且治疗组与对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:阿司匹林和氯吡格雷双联抗血小板药物治疗ACS,可以强化对血小板聚集的抑制,并增强抗栓效果,值得临床应用。     

Regulation of the clathrin-coated vesicle cycle by reversible phosphorylation

Reversible phosphorylation has long been an attractive mechanism to control cycles of coat assembly and disassembly during clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Many of the coat proteins are phosphorylated in vivo and in vitro. Our work has focused on the role of phosphorylation of the mu2 subunit of AP-2 (adaptor protein 2), which appears to be necessary for efficient cargo recruitment. Studies to probe the regulation of mu2 phosphorylation demonstrated that clathrin is a specific activator of the mu2 kinase, and, in permeabilized cells, cargo sequestration, driven by exogenously added clathrin, results in elevated levels of m2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, phosphorylated mu2 is mainly associated with assembled clathrin in vivo and its steady-state level is strongly reduced in cells depleted of clathrin heavy chain. Our results imply a central role for clathrin in the regulation of cargo selection via modulation of phospho-mu2 levels. This is therefore a novel regulatory role for clathrin that is independent of its structural role and that provides elegant spatial control of AP-2 and cargo interactions, ensuring that AP-2 is only activated at the correct cellular location and in the correct functional context. Ongoing studies are exploring further the roles of reversible phosphorylation in the coated vesicle cycle.     

中国斑翅跳小蜂属一新种(膜翅目,跳小蜂科)

记述了育自上海桃树上1种盾蚧中的斑翅跳小蜂属1新种:上海斑翅跳小蜂Epitetracnemus shanghaiensis sp.nov..文中给出了新种的形态特征图和该属分种检索表.研究标本保存于中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所.     

优化萝卜基因组DNA RAPD-PCR反应体系的正交设计法

以CTAB微量提取方法提取10个红萝卜雄性不育系A单株的基因组DNA,等浓度混合成基因池。以其为模板,用正交设计方法论定RAPD-PCR反应体系的各影响因子,用随机引物S42（5’GGACCCAACC3’）优化萝卜雄性不育系A基因组DNARAPD,PCR反应体系,16次试验即可获得最佳的RAPD-PCR反应体系。     

强光照和全黑暗条件下荒漠沙蜥视网膜内GAP-43表达的免疫组织化学

采用免疫组织化学技术研究了在强光照和全黑暗条件下荒漠沙蜥(Phrynocephalus prezewalskic)视网膜内生长相关蛋白GAP-43的表达变化。结果表明,在正常光照条件下,视网膜内GAP-43阳性表达部位主要存在于内网层;强光照条件下,GAP-43免疫染色部位主要出现在内网层、节细胞层和内核层的部分细胞核。在全黑暗条件下,在视纤维层和内网层呈阳性染色;提示视网膜在不同环境条件下GAP-43的不同定位,可能与其在相应的环境下参与不同的视觉功能有关。     

Amyloid-β Acts as a Regulator of Neurotransmitter Release Disrupting the Interaction between Synaptophysin and VAMP2

Background

It is becoming increasingly evident that deficits in the cortex and hippocampus at early stages of dementia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are associated with synaptic damage caused by oligomers of the toxic amyloid-β peptide (Aβ42). However, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms behind these deficits are not fully understood. Here we provide evidence of a mechanism by which Aβ42 affects synaptic transmission regulating neurotransmitter release.

Methodology/Findings

We first showed that application of 50 nM Aβ42 in cultured neurones is followed by its internalisation and translocation to synaptic contacts. Interestingly, our results demonstrate that with time, Aβ42 can be detected at the presynaptic terminals where it interacts with Synaptophysin. Furthermore, data from dissociated hippocampal neurons as well as biochemical data provide evidence that Aβ42 disrupts the complex formed between Synaptophysin and VAMP2 increasing the amount of primed vesicles and exocytosis. Finally, electrophysiology recordings in brain slices confirmed that Aβ42 affects baseline transmission.

Conclusions/Significance

Our observations provide a necessary and timely insight into cellular mechanisms that underlie the initial pathological events that lead to synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease. Our results demonstrate a new mechanism by which Aβ42 affects synaptic activity.     

林分耗水的尺度扩展研究进展

蒸散耗水是森林生态系统水分循环过程的主要构成,是现代生态水文研究的重点和难点。直接测定和尺度上推提供了两种获取蒸散量的技术手段。受限于复杂的冠层结构、非均质的下垫面和迥异的环境条件,直接测定难以准确获取林分水平的耗水信息,因此有必要讨论单木与冠层结构、环境因子之间的耦合关系,利用时空尺度扩展得到合理的耗水量。本文综述了理论基础相对牢固的3种尺度扩展技术:基于生物计量参数、遥感影像和水文模型的尺度扩展,剖析各模型的控制因子,探讨模型的适用性和优缺点,对尺度扩展技术的发展做了展望。     

氮肥调控剂对潮褐土中不同氮源氮素转化及油菜生长的影响

采用土壤培养和盆栽试验相结合的方法,研究了硝化抑制剂双氰胺(DCD)与纳米碳配合施用对尿素和碳酸氢铵在华北平原典型土壤潮褐土中转化的调控效果及其对油菜生长的影响.结果表明： 尿素和碳酸氢铵在施入土壤后的2周内,土壤无机氮的供应强度差别较大,2周以后则基本相似.2种氮源对油菜生长及氮素利用的影响在生育前期(播种后34 d)差异显著,但最终达到商品生物量收获时,氮源之间差异不大.DCD对尿素和碳酸氢铵在潮褐土中的转化表现出显著的硝化抑制作用,其抑制强度和有效抑制时间随DCD用量的增加而增强,且以对碳酸氢铵施入土壤后的硝化抑制效果更好.在本研究条件下,DCD用量以占肥料纯氮量的1.0%～1.5%相对较佳,可显著提高油菜产量,改善叶色,降低植株硝酸盐含量,提高氮肥利用率.纳米碳与DCD配合施用对土壤铵氧化有明显的协同抑制效果,且可以显著刺激油菜前期的生长发育和氮素利用,降低油菜硝酸盐含量.     

密花香薷挥发油化学成分及其抗菌、抗病毒活性的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取密花香薷挥发油,测得密花香薷挥发油的得率为0.12％.利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对密花香薷挥发油的化学成分进行了分析研究,鉴定了26种化合物,占挥发油总量的76.04％.体外抗菌试验和抗病毒试验的结果表明:密花香薷挥发油具有抗菌和抗病毒作用.